Understanding long-term movement ecology is critical for conserving endangered species;however,comprehensive spatiotemporal analyses remain limited.In this study,we leveraged a decade-long GPS tracking dataset(2014–2024)of 31 endangered Crested Ibis(Nipponia nippon)individuals to elucidate their spatiotemporal behavioral patterns.The study focused on three key aspects:(1)fidelity to nesting,foraging,and roosting sites;(2)movement patterns and their ecological drivers;and(3)foraging habitat preferences across regions and activity periods.The results revealed exceptional fidelity to nesting,foraging(mean value=0.253),and roosting sites(mean value=0.261),underscoring the species’pronounced spatial memory.Temporal factors emerged as the primary drivers of movement patterns,demonstrated by a significant annual reduction in home range size(p<0.01)and a decline in daily flight distance in 2019(β=−1890±772 m,p<0.05)and 2022(p=0.052).Behavioral factors also significantly influenced daily flight distance,with notable variations across different activity periods.Foraging habitat selection exhibited considerable spatial heterogeneity(14.2%constrained variance,p<0.01).Cultivated lands,particularly paddy fields(Yangxian population)and drylands(Tongchuan population),served as core foraging zones.In contrast,spatiotemporal variables such as age had limited effects(<5%variance).This study provides the first empirical evidence of long-term site fidelity and habitat partitioning in the Crested Ibis,emphasizing the importance of landscape-level conservation planning.To this end,we propose two targeted strategies:establishing habitat corridors to enhance connectivity and safeguarding stable foraging areas within agricultural landscapes.These findings contribute to movement ecology theory while offering actionable frameworks for endangered species management.
链接：https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15172555
